The Factories Act 1948
"The Factories Act, 1948." Extent: This Act extends to the whole of India, except the State of Jammu and Kashmir (at the time it was enacted; post-2019 changes have affected Jammu and Kashmir's applicability). Commencement: The Act was enacted on 23rd September 1948 but came into force on 1st April 1949. Specific provisions may have different dates of enforcement as decided by the government. 1. Factory: Any premises where a manufacturing process is carried out with the aid of power and employs 10 or more workers, or without power, employs 20 or more workers. 2. Worker: A person employed in any manufacturing process, cleaning, or any work incidental to a manufacturing process, whether directly or through an agency, and regardless of pay. 3. Occupier: The person with ultimate control over the affairs of the factory, often the owner or a designated manager. The term imposes legal obligations on the occupier for compliance with safety, health, and welfare standa...